Friday, January 31, 2020

Comparing and contrasting Achilles and other warriors Essay Example for Free

Comparing and contrasting Achilles and other warriors Essay Comparing and contrasting Achilles and other warriors Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Achilles is one of the main characters in Homer’s Iliad. Iliad is a legendary epic covering the formative years of Roman and Greek mythology. Iliad pursue glory, heroism, and love within the authority and influence of supernatural powers. Achilles possessed heroic strength and also had close contact with the gods. Achilles had all the qualities of a grand warrior and he proved to be the most dominant man among the Achaean army. However his deeply rooted character barred his capacity to act with integrity and nobility. The rationale of this paper is to analyze the character of Achilles and examine how he was similar of differed from other heroic warriors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Achilles could not manage his pride or the fury that came about when his pride was injured. These attributes greatly affected Achilles life since he abandoned his fellow warriors because he had been insulted before Agamemnon, his commander. Achilles even wished his fellow warriors to be killed by Trojan warriors. He was driven by thirst for glory and was willing to sacrifice anything for his reputation. Achilles had extreme temper; for example, though the demise of Patroclus provoked him to reconcile with Agamemnon, this did not alleviate his fury but he directed his anger to Hector (Homer, 1990, p. 32). Achilles forfeited twelve Trojan men at the funeral of Patroclus, he also killed his opponents mercilessly and shamefully vandalized the corpse of Hector. These events reveal Achilles great anger because he was mourning the death of Patroclus. Achilles pride, bloodlust and wrath affected him adversely (Virgil, 2006, p. 42).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Achilles is recognized as the greatest warrior in Achaian army and no other warrior could match him as a fighter. Achilles has a great sense of social order because he decided to act during the plague that was consuming the soldiers at Achaian camp. Agamemnon, Achille’s kind did not act so Achilles decided to find out the cause of the plague by calling for a congregation of the entire army. Achilles is argumentative and petulant because he argues that though Agamemnon gets the best prizes from war, he never worked for them. In the course of argument, Achilles almost killed Agamemnon, though he was saved from carrying out the heinous act by goddess Athena. Achilles believed that the quarrel between him and the king was righteous and same as the war against Trojan army. Achilles major characteristic was excessive pride because he remained angry even after Agamemnon promise to return Briseis alongside other gifts (Vigil, 2006, p. 47).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gilgamesh is a warrior who fears death throughout George XIII epic. Achilles on the other hand is also very keen with his metaphoric wickedness that can only take place after the death of his earthly life. Gilgamesh and Achilles have a lot of similarities, which include dynamic attitude on death and life centered. They have similar attitudes especially when their heroic comrades died. The death of Patroclus touched Achilles very much whereas the death of Enkidu also caused much distress to Gilgamesh. Achilles and Gilgamesh are two semi-divine heroes who have various matching characteristics and life-events, and they focused a lot with their mortal lives, but not relatively in the same approach. Achilles and Gilgamesh share fundamental similarities in their mortal lives. Each of them is a child of a goddess and a mortal man who happens to be a king. Achilles is a son of Thetis and has an exceptional rapport which enables him to speak with t he gods with the help of Thetis (Homer, 1990, p 27). Gilgamesh on the other hand is regarded as one third human and two third god, which makes him to stand out as an exceptional character that exists in relationships with both the mortal world and divine world. Iliad relates the preeminence of Achilles and Gilgamesh in battle where they reveal themselves as headstrong warriors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither Achilles nor Gilgamesh is concerned with romantic and family relationships. The major relationship these epic heroes have is with their mothers, where they seek protection and guidance. Through this rapport, they are able to gain development and wisdom. Achilles can also be compared to other heroes such as Aenes since their lives is determined by supernatural powers. In the book Iliad and Aeneid, Achilles and Aenes are characters who reveal their chivalry and bravely. In the books, Aenes and Achilles are chosen by gods and favored in various periods of their lives (Homer, 1990, p.26). These characters have predestined death and fate, they are sons of gods and they have specific accomplishment and mission in their lives. The major difference between Achilles and Gilgamesh is on anger management. Even after the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh remains cool and does not translate his fury to anyone, but Achilles anger could not b e controlled after the death of Patroclus. Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend by ritually pulling his clothes and hair, but Achilles mourns the death of Patroclaus by killing several Trojan warriors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An in depth analysis of the epics of the era reveal contrasting features of the heroes. The circumstance, the physical features and situation might be similar, but the discrepancy is mainly due to mental and intellect framework of the heroes. Aenes fought major battles just like Achilles, but their fate was different. Achilles was predestined to die in the battle, while Aenes was predestined to be an architect of a huge town in the planet. Achilles was more of a cruel enemy and fierce warrior and his task was to wrestle and triumph over bloody wars. On the other hand, Aenes was more civilized and constructive in comparison to arrogant Achilles. Achilles is violent, stubborn, ruthless and hostile and had a capacity to kill Trojan warriors ruthlessly in the battlefield. Achilles battle and attack intended huge massacre. On contrary, Aenes is more placid and sober. Aenes as a warrior had adorable features of restraint, chastity, discipline an d love. He was a true leader who never left his comrades. Aenes led the warriors to pursue new home and new culture. He was a fighter, but not even once did he display emotions and power in arbitrary and cruel manner (Vigil, 2006, p. 74).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Achilles was a great warrior, but he was a merciless fighter who killed many Trojan warriors. Achilles shared similar features with other heroes in the epics. These heroes fate was usually predestined and they were mostly sons of gods. They sought advice from their mothers which helped them to develop and gain wisdom. However, an in depth analysis on the character of these heroes depict that there are some differences. Achilles was a violent warrior as compared to most heroes who were able to manage their fury. In addition, Achilles, Aenes and Gilgamesh were heroes of their times. References Homer, Robert Fagles, and Bernard Knox. The Iliad. New York: Viking,  1990. Print. Hope Nash Wolff. Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Heroic Life. Journal of the American Oriental Society 89.2  (1969): 392-398. Web. Virgil, R. Fagles, B. Knox, and S. Callow. The Aeneid. New York: Penguin Audio,  2006. Print. Source document

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Spiritual and Moral Journeys in The Quest of the Holy Grail Essay

The Spiritual and Moral Journeys in The Quest of the Holy Grail  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Quest of the Holy Grail is an exciting tale that follows the adventures of King Arthur's knights as they scour the countryside for the legendary Holy Grail. Throughout their journeys, the knights engage in many exciting jousts and sword fights with a variety of enemies. The author of The Quest of the Holy Grail intends for the story to be more than just entertainment: the knights' search for the Holy Grail is analogous to the pursuit of morality and spiritual chivalry, showing success through asceticism, confession, chastity, and faith. Lancelot, Bors, and Perceval all strive to become more like Galahad, and the author effectively uses these characters to teach his readers lessons about spiritual chivalry and personal salvation. The author provides each of these knights with a series of monks and hermits who counsel and guide him in the ways of spiritual chivalry, for only the most pure Christian knights have any hope of finding the Grail. The adventures of Perceval are very straightforward and easy to interpret, so he provides readers with a suitable introduction to spiritual chivalry and the importance of virginity, asceticism, and complete faith in God. The author faces Bors with more complicated challenges and visions than anything Perceval must handle; since the author tells Bors' adventures after Perceval's, readers should be more prepared to interpret their meaning and significance with regard to spiritual chivalry and personal salvation. The advice Lancelot receives from his series of monks and hermits shows readers the importance of confession and penance, but the author makes it clear that readers should not emulate Lancelot's life of sin ... ...y responsible for our own salvation and "neither shall the son have any part in his father's guilt, nor the father answer for the son's transgressions" (154). The author of The Quest of the Holy Grail addresses a significant number of spiritual and moral issues throughout his engaging story. His goal is to provide a guide to proper living in the eyes of God, and he successfully achieves this goal through the adventures of several very diverse knights of the Round Table who, through their victories and follies, show us the value of spiritual chivalry; furthermore, if we have any additional questions concerning spirituality that are not addressed in The Quest of the Holy Grail, the author suggests that we may always seek out the guidance of our wise local hermits. Work Cited The Quest of the Holy Grail. Trans. P. M. Matarasso. London: Penguin Books, 1969.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

M3 Unit 37

M3 the skills I need to develp are financail and accounting, Financial- The top reason why businesses go out of business is bad financial planning. All the cash flows in the wrong direction. Having worked through the dotcom boom and bust I have seen first hand what too big a budget in the wrong hands can do. Someone needs a firm grip on the numbers and it had better be you otherwise someone might just take a trip to a tropical island at your expense.I will be devoloping this skill by finding some volantry jobs for one or two week to gain some skills so then I should be able to run my own business. The other skill that I need to develop is the ability to implement systems (such as workplace information, risk management, continuous improvement and record keeping systems) that will help my business run when I am not there. I will be doing improving this by getting a business coures for one or two weeks to learn about the systems.Imagination- Many people neglect their creative side feeli ng that it is better to be all about the logic, but in fact some of the most successful business people are also the most imaginative. So I need to learn this skills by talking to other people who already running a business. Problem Solving- A big part of surviving in business is about solving problems fast and effectively. An employee who is good at keeping their head in a crisis while fighting fires is a worthwhile asset to any business. I will be practising this skills by getting some work experience at different organisations to improve my skill.Rukia Sadiqi p4 – unit 36 – discribe the legal financail aspects that will affect the start-up of your business. Legal status:Legal status means the concept of companies having a particular place in the market, from this as it determines the laws which affect themThere are many types of businesses: sole trader, partnership, private limited company or franchiseSole trader: this involves one person who is the boss and the own er of the company and has unlimited liability and the examples are a builder, a window cleaner and painter etc.Partnership: This business contains tow or more people up to 20 the share between the partners doesn't have to be 50% it can be different share amounts partners also have a unlimited liability and some example are doctors, dentists and more. The partners must have a deed of partnership which is a contract between partners which legally binds them. The strength is that the partners well get the same percentage of profit as much as they have invested into the company.Private limited company is to make money quickly the cant sell there shares to the stock market as they have a great weakness. The owners have the main control in the business normally as they control the business and the main stake holders of the business are board of directors. The biggest strength they have is that if the company goes bankrupt the owners can loose thier personal positions so they pay off depts .Franchise is when the company such as McDonalds sells the rights and the promotion to the person to user their brand and logo to sell its products, services and logos, usually in a defined area. The person that gets the rights gives royalty to the users as this will involve paying fixed fees and a percentage payment of the franchisee's sales turnover. The main strength of this is that the business is a success and that the advertising is mainly from the franchise company so this gives advertisement for all the franchisers that own the different branches.Our business is a parivet which is made up of my self Rukia and our business is called Rakz Hair salon which is a hairdresser . I chose to run my business privitaly because I want to make money quickly and want to have the main control of my business. The biggest strength I have is that if the company goes bankrupt then I can loose my personal positions so I will have pay off depts. M3- assess the implications of the legal and finan cial aspects that will affect the start-up of the business.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Risk Assessment and Business Management Essay - 911 Words

Risk Assessment and Management Problem The term risk assessment refers to an objective evaluation of risks to which end the assumptions and uncertainties are clearly put into consideration as well as presented. On the other hand in regards to risk management it has in most cases courted difficulties in the measurement of both the quantities in which risk assessment is concerned (Muzzi, Armando, and Augusto Panà  , 2000, pp. 99-103). This is because the potentiality of an anticipated loss and the probability of it occurring have proved pretty difficult to quantify. This leaves a huge margin of error in the quantification of these two concepts. Over the years, the concept of risk management has proven to be an integral part of a business†¦show more content†¦The committee would have representation from all sectors of the hotel industry and would comprise of the hotel owners, their senior management as well as representation from the employees. This would ensure there is support of the analysis project from the entire organization from its onset. Upon the establishment of such a committee, I would then embark on an identification of the hazards mission. This is the risk assessment or risk evaluation process. It would try to raise the risk that needs to strategize on this time with reference to the Riskaway project. Upon the attainment of this, I would then embark on a determination of those at risk and the risks in question, I would then steer the organization towards a business impact analysis. This crystalizes the core business areas of hotels that would require the usage and or protection offered by Riskaway. Bearing the fact that disaster is bound to take place and upon occurrence it might not be able to recover everything, the firm should envisage to rescue it core business from the disaster. This would then set pace for the fourth stage of recording and implementation of the precautionary measures. These measures should ensure that the envisaged core business segments that were realized to be the core areas requiring the services of Riskaway within the business impact assessment are preservedShow MoreRelatedAssessment 21997/01 Common Business Unit Establish Legal and Risk Management Requirements for Small Business (Bsbsmb401A) Customer Service Questions961 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment 21997/01 Common Business Unit Establish legal and risk management requirements for small business (BSBSMB401A) Customer service questions 1. What’s the difference between internal and external customers? In larger organisations where there is a number of staff to effectively deliver a service or product such as a hospital, you would find internal and external customers. For instance the IT department in a hospital would have many internal customers, as they help and support allRead MoreThe Emergence Of Risk Based Approaches1686 Words   |  7 PagesCh. 3.1 Emergence of Risk-Based Approaches Risk assessment is increasingly conducted by many groups within an organization to fulfil a variety of business and regulatory requirements. Various groups within the same organization often rely on guidance from different professional organizations to provide a framework for conducting the risk assessment. As financial organizations offer disparate approaches to risk assessment, they contribute to risk information. In this context, information systemsRead MoreRisk Assessment : An Essential Part Of A Risk Management Process1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The risk assessment is an essential part of a risk management process designed to provide appropriate levels of security for information systems. 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By picking an appropriate Risk Assessment Methodology, a business is able to define how the organization defines and reacts to risk making the process functional and repeatable. This report will briefly explain the process of assessing and managing risk, look at variousRead MoreRisk Assessment For A Financial Institution Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial institute. A risk assessment for a financial institution measures and helps manage compliance, financial and operational risks associated with both internal and external, activities and events. In today’s operating environment, numerous regulations and standards make risk assessment not only logical but vital for financial institutions. These are examples of regulation and laws that governs financial institutions, Regula tory compliance, Enterprise risk management, Internal audit, Bank Secrecy

Sunday, December 29, 2019

Author Essay Langston Hughes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1006 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Langston Hughes Essay Did you like this example? BIOGRAPHY: Langston Hughes faced many difficulties during his childhood. Born James Mercer Langston Hughes, his parents separated after his birth, leaving him in the care of his grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston. According to R. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Author Essay Langston Hughes" essay for you Create order Baird Shuman, Hughes mothers ambitions often kept her away from him, as she moved frequently to find jobs, and his father distanced himself from the young writer. Despite this, Hughes, under the care of his grandmother, familiarized himself with literature and art, particularly books and music. Despite his youth, he was passionate about his heritage, racial oppression and the importance of family. Martin Summer observes that Hughes was individualistic and fiercely independent from an early age. Hughes furthered his interest in poetry at school. Following the death of his grandmother, Hughes mother brought him to Lincoln, Illinois, where he began writing poetry regularly (BHS). Hughes was nominated Class Poet, and was recognized by his peers as a talented writer. He continued to Central High School, where his poetry was featured in the school magazine. Despite his mothers relocation from Lincoln to Chicago, Hughes chose to remain at Central High School, nurturing his passion for literature and poetry. Around this time, Hughes reconnected with his father again. Summer describes the relationship between Hughes and his father as volatile. The two attempted reconciliation in Mexico City in 1920, where his father was managing an American company. Disregarding his fathers request to pursue a career in engineering, Hughes relocated to New York City, where he enrolled in Columbia University. Hughes time at Columbia was brief, as he decided to acquire a more worldly education. Hughes took time to explore the world and matured from his experiences. He traveled the world, taking jobs such as a seaman during his expeditions on the African Coast, and as a kitchen worker in Paris. It was during this period of time, Shuman explains, that Hughes published I Wonder as I Wander, an autobiography depicting his travels around the world. Hughes returned to Washington, D.C., reconnecting with his mother. He also reenrolled in Lincoln University, receiving a liberal arts degree in 1930. Hughes was able to accomplish multitudes before his death in 1967. Despite his financial hardships during the Great Depression, Shuman comments that Hughes worked on multiple Broadway productions, was employed at the Office of Civil Defense during World War II, and even spread his ideas to the next generation through a number of childrens poetry books. His work as a Harlem Renaissance leader made him famous, as he wrote about social issues and the Harlem everyman (729). Hughes was appointed as a cultural emissary by the U.S. State Department, due to his prominence in literature. He died a respected author and reformer on May 22, 1967, his reputation having grown on an international scale. BIG PICTURE: Femi Lewis associates Hughes with other writers of the Harlem Renaissance, including Zora Neale Hurston, Jessie Redmon Fauset, Joseph Seamon Cotter Jr., and Claude McKay. He characterizes Hughes as one of the most prominent writers of the Harlem Renaissance, believing that Hughes use of the everyday lives of African-Americans, is what makes his writing so successful. Lewis states that [Hughes] discussion of themes such as assimilation, alienation, pride, and unity has impacted and influenced society, [creating] lasting stories. Hughes is celebrated and recognized by the simplicity and efficacy of his words. His work as a Harlem Renaissance leader, political activist and peace advocate was recognized across the globe. His words inspired many and its effect can be seen in Renee Watsons piece for The New York Times: When my English teacher introduced her poetry unit, using Langston Hughes as the first poet, my spirit leapt for joy just as it did at church. I recognized the vernacular in his poems. I knew that mother who told her son that life for her had been no crystal stair. I understood the stench of rotting dreams, I knew the longing of a people wanting America to make good on its promise. When Hughes called his people beautiful like the night sky, my grandpa and cousins and neighbors came to mind. I said amen in that classroom for the first time. The lesson spoke directly to me, about me. This excerpt highlights the effectiveness of the simplicity of Hughes expressions. Stating how the realistic aspect of his work resonated with her, Watson personifies her teachers lesson, explaining how she could understand and relate to what Hughes was trying to explain. He provided clarity to many others, like Watson, by invoking strong messages through ordinary mediums. Despite his unaccommodating childhood, Langston Hughes managed to become one of the most prominent and well-respected American writers in history. His pieces on social injustice and the lives of Harlem residents have influenced many African-Americans, and have impacted society greatly. Watson states: I hope we dig into his work, as we do Scripture, and find something that speaks to us, pushes us past comfort, makes us say amen. Readers will find themselves sympathizing with Hughes words, as his work subtly explains the importance of cultural pride. Hughes legacy is remembered through his poems and books, as well as the many generations he inspired, and will shape society for the better. Works Cited Langston Hughes. Greatest American Writers: Twentieth Century, edited by R. Baird Shuman, Vol. 6, Marshall Cavendish, 2002, pp. 729-745 BHS. Langston Hughes. Black History Now: Black History Biographies from the Black Heritage Commemorative Society. 28 Jul. 2011. www.blackhistorynow.com/langston-hughes/. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Summers, Martin. Hughes, Langston (1902-1967). The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. 19 Jan. 2008. www.blackpast.org/aah/hughes-langston-1902-1967. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Kinzer, Stephen. For a Poet, Centennial Appreciation. The New York Times. 14 Feb. 2002. www.nytimes.com/2002/02/14/books/for-a-poet-centennial-appreciation.html Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Langston Hughes. The Poetry Archive. 1 Dec. 2005. https://www.poetryarchive.org/poet/langston-hughes. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Lewis, Femi. 5 Writers of the Harlem Renaissance. ThoughtCo. Updated 5 Sep. 2018. https://www.thoughtco.com/writers-of-the-harlem-renaissance-45326. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Watson, Renee. Remember Langston Hughess Anger Alongside His Joy. The New York Times. The New York Times. 1 Feb. 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/opinion/langston-hughes-birthday.html Accessed 3. Nov. 2018. Web.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Groundwater Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity Essay...

We have the ability to provide clean water for every man, woman and child on the Earth. What has been lacking is the collective will to accomplish this. This is the commitment we need to make to the world. Jean-Michel Cousteau The Issue: Recently, the issue of drinking water quality has become a matter of great importance. Hydrogeologists and water resource managers have realized that the increased demand for drinking water, due to population growth, has placed a huge burden on our nations groundwater resources. Groundwater resources make up a minute 0.31% of the worlds water supply. Groundwater quality can be defined in terms of the concentration of its chemical constituents relative to a variety of potential uses.†¦show more content†¦Both of these phenomena occur naturally. The chemical alterations that occur in the soil and atmosphere during the hydrologic cycle are pivotal in maintaining the natural equilibrium. However, due mostly to human intervention, the water is becoming poisoned as it seeps into the Earth. The Science Behind the Issue: The four main types of groundwater pollution are industrial, domestic, agricultural and salt-water intrusion. Industrial pollution reaches aquifers through used waters as I have already briefly explained. Used waters can contain chemical compounds and trace elements like metals at high temperatures. Radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants is also carried by used water, as is rain that infiltrates through waste disposal sites. Pipeline breakage as well as other unforseeable accidents also add to industrial pollution. Irrigation and water carry away fertilizers, minerals, salts, herbicides and pesticides. This activity is known as agricultural pollution, and it causes nitrate levels to rise excessively. Environmental pollution is due in large part to seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers (Fried 1975). Man-made pollution reaches the aquifer by rain and the rain subsequently infiltrates sanitary landfills. Road-runoff and domestic wastewater are non-point sources that also add to groundwater pollution. Household productes, many of which containShow MoreRelatedGroundwater Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesBy means of water, we give life to everything. – Koran, 21:30 Drinking water is our most precious resource, something every human being needs to survive. Yet today over 1.2 billion people a day on average do not have access to drinking water. Even if they might have this access, the chances are good that the drinking water is polluted with many contaminants. In the future, we will probably find that clean drinking water will go to the highest bidder, and even more people will findRead MorePollution And Lack Of Infrastructure Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages32606 Dear Professor Dickson: Here is my report on the water problems in Kosovo. In preparing this report, I’ve learned a great deal about the issues that Kosovo faces, including groundwater pollution and lack of infrastructure. Thank you for your guidance and help throughout this process. The situation in Kosovo can still be resolved as situation won’t be dire for a few more years. Kosovo has enough water to get by but mishandlings of the water supply is causing it to dwindle. The government needsRead MoreCauses And Remedies Of Water Pollution1596 Words   |  7 PagesCAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION AND EFFECTS AND REMEDIES ABSTRACT Water is one of the necessities for existence of mankind. It is also one of the most abundantly available resources. But indifference of mankind and its abuse of the plentiful resource made water scarcity a problem for many nations around the globe. Water pollution is one major problem that demands utmost attention to deal with emerging water crisis. This paper is an attempt to describe various causes and remedies for water pollution. 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Three-fourth of Earth s surface is covered by water bodies. 97 per cent of this water is present in oceans as salt water and is unfit for human consumption. Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7 per cent. Nearly 70 per cent of this occurs as ice sheets and glaciers n Antarctica and other inaccessible places. Only one per cent of fresh water is available and fit for human useRead MoreImminent Water Crisis in India3840 Words   |  16 PagesImminent Water Crisis in India Nina Brooks, August 2007 There will be constant competition over water, between farming families and urban dwellers, environmental conservationists and industrialists, minorities living off natural resources and entrepreneurs seeking to commodify the resources base for commercial gain -UNICEF report on Indian water.[1] Intro More than two billion people worldwide live in regions facing water scarcity[2] and in India this is a particularly acute crisis. MillionsRead MoreWater Scarcity in India1406 Words   |  6 PagesWater is an essential resource to sustain life. From 50 - 90 percent of the weight of living organisms is water. Water is the major constituent of living matter. Water, essential for growth of all crops, is the natural resource in shortest supply. More than 20 countries lack sufficient water to grow enough food for their people. The situation is getting worse as needs for water rise along with population growth, urbanization and increases in household and industrial uses. According to a UN reportRead MoreWater Supply And Water Shortage Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagesissue of water shortage. There are a lot of reason behind this problem such as carbon emission and decrease in the rainfall etc. In order to overcome this problem, the Government of Australia has been trying to develop new tech nologies in water sector as well advancement in the traditional methods of water supply. The common sources of water supply are ground water and surface water. But now with the help of scientist and public sector, Government of Australia has built new method of water supply which

Friday, December 13, 2019

Agriculture and Industrialisation Free Essays

The topic of agriculture and its role in industrial and urban development has long been studied by economic theoreticians. According to Nam, Dang and Hainsworth (2000), there are three important theoretical schools that have been particularly influential after World War II, and which differ considerably in the ways by which each presents the relationship between agriculture and industry, in regards to the process of industrialisation. These are: â€Å"the role of agriculture in industrialisation†, â€Å"‘big leap’ into industrialisation and urbanisation†, and â€Å"harmonious links in the development process† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Agriculture and Industrialisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). In 1965, John Mellor and Bruce Johnston reported that a successful agricultural sector is an important element in the industrial development and rapid growth rate of a nation’s economy. According to Johnston and Mellor, the five key roles of agriculture are:  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to supply cheap foodstuffs and raw materials for the urban/industrial sector†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to export farm products to earn foreign exchange which could be used to finance technological and material imports for urban and industrial development†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to release labour to provide the work force for the industrial sector†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to expand the domestic market for industrial products†; and  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to increase domestic savings to be used to finance industrial expansion† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). Also in 1965, Simon Kuznets verified the role of agriculture in industrialisation by way of commercial transactions. According to Kuznets, the agricultural sector supplies other sectors within and outside the country with products such as â€Å"foodstuffs, industrial raw materials, labour, capital, and markets† that are necessary for industrialisation (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). But despite the fact that these authors emphasised the importance of agriculture, their hypotheses also highlighted the need for a restructuring of the national economy, decreasing the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP (gross domestic product) and in the work force, and boosting the industrial sectors. Developmental strategies were usually geared towards the maximum utilisation of agricultural resources to augment industrialisation and urban expansion. In the matter of utilising agriculture to support industrialisation, the existing theories were unable to provide insight into how this can be made possible. La Grande Encyclopedie Francaise stated in 1986 that â€Å"The industrial revolution is accompanied by a general urbanisation and the gradual death of rural civilisation† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). In 1992, Hainworth observed that the conventional economic theories of the West, as established from the development of the UK and other European nations as well as the rapid industrialisation of North America, often places the agricultural sector in the position of â€Å"Cinderella† or slave to the indulgent â€Å"ugly stepsister† demands of industrialisation. In W.W. Rostow’s The Stages of Economic Growth, the author affirms that Western countries have achieved such advanced stages of development that their experience should be emulated by other countries. According to Rostow, the growth of an agricultural sector in an industrialising setting should be carried out concurrently based on four approaches: â€Å"economic, spatial, sociopolitical, and cultural – industrialisation, urbanisation, internationalization, and Westernisation†   (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). Somewhat akin to this viewpoint are the opinions of several Western theorists in A Future for European Agriculture. Their theories tended to downplay the role of agriculture in industrialisation. According to them, the agricultural sector in Europe is primarily geared only towards the production of food. Thus, on the road to industrialisation, the only way to preserve economic growth is to considerably trim down the agricultural work force. As a rule, an impartial cutback on the agricultural work force and an augmenting of the industrial and urban-services labour force are expected trends in countries undergoing the process of industrialisation. Nevertheless, it is also important to remember the aforementioned key roles of agriculture. Another vital aspect not to be forgotten is that a country cannot simply make a â€Å"big leap† from being primarily agricultural into instantly becoming industrialised. There are stages between the two that simply cannot be bypassed, as evidenced by the experiences of developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Owing to lack of consideration for the agricultural sectors, there have been instances where the negative ramifications of rapid industrialisation have been felt in some countries. In certain African, Asian, and Latin American nations, the consequences of making a â€Å"leap† towards industrialisation have included widespread shortages in foodstuffs, sudden migrations into urban centres that have led to poverty and overpopulation, and abrupt scarcities in the necessary products for industrialisation. British economist E.F. Schumacher, in his 1973 publication Small is Beautiful, stated that for true economic development to be attained, â€Å"an entirely new system of thought is needed, a system based on attention to people, and not primarily attention to goods† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). He postulated that sufficient attention on the agricultural sector must be paid, especially in developing countries where the majority of the economy is dependent on agriculture and where the bulk of the work force is in the agricultural profession. How to cite Agriculture and Industrialisation, Papers