Author Essay Langston Hughes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1006 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Langston Hughes Essay Did you like this example? BIOGRAPHY: Langston Hughes faced many difficulties during his childhood. Born James Mercer Langston Hughes, his parents separated after his birth, leaving him in the care of his grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston. According to R. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Author Essay Langston Hughes" essay for you Create order Baird Shuman, Hughes mothers ambitions often kept her away from him, as she moved frequently to find jobs, and his father distanced himself from the young writer. Despite this, Hughes, under the care of his grandmother, familiarized himself with literature and art, particularly books and music. Despite his youth, he was passionate about his heritage, racial oppression and the importance of family. Martin Summer observes that Hughes was individualistic and fiercely independent from an early age. Hughes furthered his interest in poetry at school. Following the death of his grandmother, Hughes mother brought him to Lincoln, Illinois, where he began writing poetry regularly (BHS). Hughes was nominated Class Poet, and was recognized by his peers as a talented writer. He continued to Central High School, where his poetry was featured in the school magazine. Despite his mothers relocation from Lincoln to Chicago, Hughes chose to remain at Central High School, nurturing his passion for literature and poetry. Around this time, Hughes reconnected with his father again. Summer describes the relationship between Hughes and his father as volatile. The two attempted reconciliation in Mexico City in 1920, where his father was managing an American company. Disregarding his fathers request to pursue a career in engineering, Hughes relocated to New York City, where he enrolled in Columbia University. Hughes time at Columbia was brief, as he decided to acquire a more worldly education. Hughes took time to explore the world and matured from his experiences. He traveled the world, taking jobs such as a seaman during his expeditions on the African Coast, and as a kitchen worker in Paris. It was during this period of time, Shuman explains, that Hughes published I Wonder as I Wander, an autobiography depicting his travels around the world. Hughes returned to Washington, D.C., reconnecting with his mother. He also reenrolled in Lincoln University, receiving a liberal arts degree in 1930. Hughes was able to accomplish multitudes before his death in 1967. Despite his financial hardships during the Great Depression, Shuman comments that Hughes worked on multiple Broadway productions, was employed at the Office of Civil Defense during World War II, and even spread his ideas to the next generation through a number of childrens poetry books. His work as a Harlem Renaissance leader made him famous, as he wrote about social issues and the Harlem everyman (729). Hughes was appointed as a cultural emissary by the U.S. State Department, due to his prominence in literature. He died a respected author and reformer on May 22, 1967, his reputation having grown on an international scale. BIG PICTURE: Femi Lewis associates Hughes with other writers of the Harlem Renaissance, including Zora Neale Hurston, Jessie Redmon Fauset, Joseph Seamon Cotter Jr., and Claude McKay. He characterizes Hughes as one of the most prominent writers of the Harlem Renaissance, believing that Hughes use of the everyday lives of African-Americans, is what makes his writing so successful. Lewis states that [Hughes] discussion of themes such as assimilation, alienation, pride, and unity has impacted and influenced society, [creating] lasting stories. Hughes is celebrated and recognized by the simplicity and efficacy of his words. His work as a Harlem Renaissance leader, political activist and peace advocate was recognized across the globe. His words inspired many and its effect can be seen in Renee Watsons piece for The New York Times: When my English teacher introduced her poetry unit, using Langston Hughes as the first poet, my spirit leapt for joy just as it did at church. I recognized the vernacular in his poems. I knew that mother who told her son that life for her had been no crystal stair. I understood the stench of rotting dreams, I knew the longing of a people wanting America to make good on its promise. When Hughes called his people beautiful like the night sky, my grandpa and cousins and neighbors came to mind. I said amen in that classroom for the first time. The lesson spoke directly to me, about me. This excerpt highlights the effectiveness of the simplicity of Hughes expressions. Stating how the realistic aspect of his work resonated with her, Watson personifies her teachers lesson, explaining how she could understand and relate to what Hughes was trying to explain. He provided clarity to many others, like Watson, by invoking strong messages through ordinary mediums. Despite his unaccommodating childhood, Langston Hughes managed to become one of the most prominent and well-respected American writers in history. His pieces on social injustice and the lives of Harlem residents have influenced many African-Americans, and have impacted society greatly. Watson states: I hope we dig into his work, as we do Scripture, and find something that speaks to us, pushes us past comfort, makes us say amen. Readers will find themselves sympathizing with Hughes words, as his work subtly explains the importance of cultural pride. Hughes legacy is remembered through his poems and books, as well as the many generations he inspired, and will shape society for the better. Works Cited Langston Hughes. Greatest American Writers: Twentieth Century, edited by R. Baird Shuman, Vol. 6, Marshall Cavendish, 2002, pp. 729-745 BHS. Langston Hughes. Black History Now: Black History Biographies from the Black Heritage Commemorative Society. 28 Jul. 2011. www.blackhistorynow.com/langston-hughes/. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Summers, Martin. Hughes, Langston (1902-1967). The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. 19 Jan. 2008. www.blackpast.org/aah/hughes-langston-1902-1967. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Kinzer, Stephen. For a Poet, Centennial Appreciation. The New York Times. 14 Feb. 2002. www.nytimes.com/2002/02/14/books/for-a-poet-centennial-appreciation.html Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Langston Hughes. The Poetry Archive. 1 Dec. 2005. https://www.poetryarchive.org/poet/langston-hughes. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Lewis, Femi. 5 Writers of the Harlem Renaissance. ThoughtCo. Updated 5 Sep. 2018. https://www.thoughtco.com/writers-of-the-harlem-renaissance-45326. Accessed 3 Nov. 2018. Web. Watson, Renee. Remember Langston Hughess Anger Alongside His Joy. The New York Times. The New York Times. 1 Feb. 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/opinion/langston-hughes-birthday.html Accessed 3. Nov. 2018. Web.

Groundwater Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity Essay...

We have the ability to provide clean water for every man, woman and child on the Earth. What has been lacking is the collective will to accomplish this. This is the commitment we need to make to the world. Jean-Michel Cousteau The Issue: Recently, the issue of drinking water quality has become a matter of great importance. Hydrogeologists and water resource managers have realized that the increased demand for drinking water, due to population growth, has placed a huge burden on our nations groundwater resources. Groundwater resources make up a minute 0.31% of the worlds water supply. Groundwater quality can be defined in terms of the concentration of its chemical constituents relative to a variety of potential uses.†¦show more content†¦Both of these phenomena occur naturally. The chemical alterations that occur in the soil and atmosphere during the hydrologic cycle are pivotal in maintaining the natural equilibrium. However, due mostly to human intervention, the water is becoming poisoned as it seeps into the Earth. The Science Behind the Issue: The four main types of groundwater pollution are industrial, domestic, agricultural and salt-water intrusion. Industrial pollution reaches aquifers through used waters as I have already briefly explained. Used waters can contain chemical compounds and trace elements like metals at high temperatures. Radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants is also carried by used water, as is rain that infiltrates through waste disposal sites. Pipeline breakage as well as other unforseeable accidents also add to industrial pollution. Irrigation and water carry away fertilizers, minerals, salts, herbicides and pesticides. This activity is known as agricultural pollution, and it causes nitrate levels to rise excessively. Environmental pollution is due in large part to seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers (Fried 1975). 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Agriculture and Industrialisation Free Essays

The topic of agriculture and its role in industrial and urban development has long been studied by economic theoreticians. According to Nam, Dang and Hainsworth (2000), there are three important theoretical schools that have been particularly influential after World War II, and which differ considerably in the ways by which each presents the relationship between agriculture and industry, in regards to the process of industrialisation. These are: â€Å"the role of agriculture in industrialisation†, â€Å"‘big leap’ into industrialisation and urbanisation†, and â€Å"harmonious links in the development process† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Agriculture and Industrialisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). In 1965, John Mellor and Bruce Johnston reported that a successful agricultural sector is an important element in the industrial development and rapid growth rate of a nation’s economy. According to Johnston and Mellor, the five key roles of agriculture are:  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to supply cheap foodstuffs and raw materials for the urban/industrial sector†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to export farm products to earn foreign exchange which could be used to finance technological and material imports for urban and industrial development†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to release labour to provide the work force for the industrial sector†;  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to expand the domestic market for industrial products†; and  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to increase domestic savings to be used to finance industrial expansion† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). Also in 1965, Simon Kuznets verified the role of agriculture in industrialisation by way of commercial transactions. According to Kuznets, the agricultural sector supplies other sectors within and outside the country with products such as â€Å"foodstuffs, industrial raw materials, labour, capital, and markets† that are necessary for industrialisation (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). But despite the fact that these authors emphasised the importance of agriculture, their hypotheses also highlighted the need for a restructuring of the national economy, decreasing the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP (gross domestic product) and in the work force, and boosting the industrial sectors. Developmental strategies were usually geared towards the maximum utilisation of agricultural resources to augment industrialisation and urban expansion. In the matter of utilising agriculture to support industrialisation, the existing theories were unable to provide insight into how this can be made possible. La Grande Encyclopedie Francaise stated in 1986 that â€Å"The industrial revolution is accompanied by a general urbanisation and the gradual death of rural civilisation† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). In 1992, Hainworth observed that the conventional economic theories of the West, as established from the development of the UK and other European nations as well as the rapid industrialisation of North America, often places the agricultural sector in the position of â€Å"Cinderella† or slave to the indulgent â€Å"ugly stepsister† demands of industrialisation. In W.W. Rostow’s The Stages of Economic Growth, the author affirms that Western countries have achieved such advanced stages of development that their experience should be emulated by other countries. According to Rostow, the growth of an agricultural sector in an industrialising setting should be carried out concurrently based on four approaches: â€Å"economic, spatial, sociopolitical, and cultural – industrialisation, urbanisation, internationalization, and Westernisation†   (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). Somewhat akin to this viewpoint are the opinions of several Western theorists in A Future for European Agriculture. Their theories tended to downplay the role of agriculture in industrialisation. According to them, the agricultural sector in Europe is primarily geared only towards the production of food. Thus, on the road to industrialisation, the only way to preserve economic growth is to considerably trim down the agricultural work force. As a rule, an impartial cutback on the agricultural work force and an augmenting of the industrial and urban-services labour force are expected trends in countries undergoing the process of industrialisation. Nevertheless, it is also important to remember the aforementioned key roles of agriculture. Another vital aspect not to be forgotten is that a country cannot simply make a â€Å"big leap† from being primarily agricultural into instantly becoming industrialised. There are stages between the two that simply cannot be bypassed, as evidenced by the experiences of developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Owing to lack of consideration for the agricultural sectors, there have been instances where the negative ramifications of rapid industrialisation have been felt in some countries. In certain African, Asian, and Latin American nations, the consequences of making a â€Å"leap† towards industrialisation have included widespread shortages in foodstuffs, sudden migrations into urban centres that have led to poverty and overpopulation, and abrupt scarcities in the necessary products for industrialisation. British economist E.F. Schumacher, in his 1973 publication Small is Beautiful, stated that for true economic development to be attained, â€Å"an entirely new system of thought is needed, a system based on attention to people, and not primarily attention to goods† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html). He postulated that sufficient attention on the agricultural sector must be paid, especially in developing countries where the majority of the economy is dependent on agriculture and where the bulk of the work force is in the agricultural profession. How to cite Agriculture and Industrialisation, Papers